Timeline from Portuguese rule to near present:
1494: Treaty between Spain and Portugal
-Portuguese enlaved the natives
-Many natives fled or died of foreign diseases
-Portuguese then turned to the African Salve Trade for their work force
1600's (late): Discovery of emeralds, diamonds, and gold
-Caused cities to pop up as people rushed in
1763: Capital moved to Rio de Janeiro
-Portugal generally stripped Brazil of it's natural resources
-Did not allow them to profit or establish their own local economies
1808: Royal family is chased out of Portugal and flee to Brazil
-Dom João VI arrives in Rio de Janeiro and starts to establish a more independent society
-Building projects
-Universities
-Banks and mints founded
-Investments in the arts
-Ports opened to trade with other countries (especially England)
-Morale improves
-With the fall of Napeléon, Dom returned to Portugal
-Left his son Pedro I in charge
1822: Pedro proclaimed Brazil's independence and established the Brazilian empire
1831: After much internal unrest and costly foreign wars, the Emperor stepped aside in favor of his 5 year old son, Pedro II
1831-1840: Regents ruled until Pedro II was 14 and parliament declared him of age
1888: Pedro II's daughter, Princess Isabel, ends slavery
1889: REVOLUTION! Disgruntled landowners unite with the military to end the monarchy; force royal family back to Portugal
November 15, 1889: first republican government in Brazil is founded
1889-1930: known as the Old Republic
-strong coffee and rubber economies
-Brought some industrial and urban development
1930: COUP! Presidential candidate Getúlio Vargas seizes power with a military coup after his running mate is assassinated
1945: COUP! Vargas's dictatorship is ended with a coup
1951: Vargas comes back with a populist platform in the elections and is elected president
-Half way through his term, is found to be linked to an attempted assassination of a political rival and the military calls for his resignation
-Shot himself to avoid it
-Replaced by Juscelino Kubitschek
-replaced capital with one to be built in the middle of no where
-Created 'Fifty Years in Five'
-National development plan
-Opened the economy to foreign capital
-Offered credit to the business communmity
1960: Brasília inaugurated
-No money left
-key sectors of the economy were still funded at full steam
-Nest President: Jânio Quadros
-Resigned after 7 months
-VP João 'Jango' Goulart takes office
-Was a 'Vargas' man with leftist leanings
1964: COUP! March 31; military overthrow of Goulart and exiles him to Uruguay because of attempt to impose socialist reforms
1964-1965: Military rule
-Tanks and technocrats
-'Economic miracle' of the 1970's; didn't last
-Many of their projects never actually succeeded
-Inflation soared
1885: Power was handed peacefully back to civilian hands from the military
-Democrat Tancredo Neves, 75 years old, was first president; was chosen by an electoral college
-Died right before his investiture
-VP José Sarney took office
-Former ally of military regime
-Inflation was out of hand by the end of his 5 year term
-Oversaw writing of new constitution
-Oversaw first free presidential elections in 30 years
1988: New constitution!
1990: Fernando Collor de Mallo, 40 years old, taks office
-'The Maharajah Hunter'
-Promised to rid the government of idle, high paid civil servants
-Started with trying to control inflation
-2 years later: widespread corruption discovered with his friend and campaign manager
1992: Collor is impeached and outsed
-VP Itamar Franco takes over
-'Plano Real': brought inflation under control
1994: Fernando Henrique Cardoso
-Followed dictates of the International Monetary Fund; able to bring relative economic stability
-Recession
-Cuts in health and education programs
-Soaring national debt
-Policy of selling state-owned industries
-Corrupt!
1998: Cardoso wins a second term
-Used a constitutional amendment he made so he would be able to run for reelection
-Ran on propaganda that promised economic growth and an end to unemployment
-Once elected:
-Taxes
-Budget cuts
-Soaring unemployment
-Recession
-Portuguese enlaved the natives
-Many natives fled or died of foreign diseases
-Portuguese then turned to the African Salve Trade for their work force
1600's (late): Discovery of emeralds, diamonds, and gold
-Caused cities to pop up as people rushed in
1763: Capital moved to Rio de Janeiro
-Portugal generally stripped Brazil of it's natural resources
-Did not allow them to profit or establish their own local economies
1808: Royal family is chased out of Portugal and flee to Brazil
-Dom João VI arrives in Rio de Janeiro and starts to establish a more independent society
-Building projects
-Universities
-Banks and mints founded
-Investments in the arts
-Ports opened to trade with other countries (especially England)
-Morale improves
-With the fall of Napeléon, Dom returned to Portugal
-Left his son Pedro I in charge
1822: Pedro proclaimed Brazil's independence and established the Brazilian empire
1831: After much internal unrest and costly foreign wars, the Emperor stepped aside in favor of his 5 year old son, Pedro II
1831-1840: Regents ruled until Pedro II was 14 and parliament declared him of age
1888: Pedro II's daughter, Princess Isabel, ends slavery
1889: REVOLUTION! Disgruntled landowners unite with the military to end the monarchy; force royal family back to Portugal
November 15, 1889: first republican government in Brazil is founded
1889-1930: known as the Old Republic
-strong coffee and rubber economies
-Brought some industrial and urban development
1930: COUP! Presidential candidate Getúlio Vargas seizes power with a military coup after his running mate is assassinated
1945: COUP! Vargas's dictatorship is ended with a coup
1951: Vargas comes back with a populist platform in the elections and is elected president
-Half way through his term, is found to be linked to an attempted assassination of a political rival and the military calls for his resignation
-Shot himself to avoid it
-Replaced by Juscelino Kubitschek
-replaced capital with one to be built in the middle of no where
-Created 'Fifty Years in Five'
-National development plan
-Opened the economy to foreign capital
-Offered credit to the business communmity
1960: Brasília inaugurated
-No money left
-key sectors of the economy were still funded at full steam
-Nest President: Jânio Quadros
-Resigned after 7 months
-VP João 'Jango' Goulart takes office
-Was a 'Vargas' man with leftist leanings
1964: COUP! March 31; military overthrow of Goulart and exiles him to Uruguay because of attempt to impose socialist reforms
1964-1965: Military rule
-Tanks and technocrats
-'Economic miracle' of the 1970's; didn't last
-Many of their projects never actually succeeded
-Inflation soared
1885: Power was handed peacefully back to civilian hands from the military
-Democrat Tancredo Neves, 75 years old, was first president; was chosen by an electoral college
-Died right before his investiture
-VP José Sarney took office
-Former ally of military regime
-Inflation was out of hand by the end of his 5 year term
-Oversaw writing of new constitution
-Oversaw first free presidential elections in 30 years
1988: New constitution!
1990: Fernando Collor de Mallo, 40 years old, taks office
-'The Maharajah Hunter'
-Promised to rid the government of idle, high paid civil servants
-Started with trying to control inflation
-2 years later: widespread corruption discovered with his friend and campaign manager
1992: Collor is impeached and outsed
-VP Itamar Franco takes over
-'Plano Real': brought inflation under control
1994: Fernando Henrique Cardoso
-Followed dictates of the International Monetary Fund; able to bring relative economic stability
-Recession
-Cuts in health and education programs
-Soaring national debt
-Policy of selling state-owned industries
-Corrupt!
1998: Cardoso wins a second term
-Used a constitutional amendment he made so he would be able to run for reelection
-Ran on propaganda that promised economic growth and an end to unemployment
-Once elected:
-Taxes
-Budget cuts
-Soaring unemployment
-Recession